假3°带坐标系及关于大城市坐标系的建议     

杨国清  王军德 《测绘科学》2011,36(5):22-24

现时许多地方和工程坐标系在坐标数值和方位上与国家标准3°带里的偏差很大,使得其地形图无法与国家标准3°带的对接,并导致工程实践中许多的麻烦和不便;许多地方坐标系有效带宽太小。本文通过一个简单的公式,一次完成控制网的换带、旋转、放大、平移,获得控制网的"假3°带坐标系"坐标。假3°带坐标系具有诸多优点:坐标数值和方位与国家标准3°带的偏差极小,地形图可与国家的对接;有效带宽极大;便于CORS系统流动站使用;做法简单,适用广泛,可用于全国绝大部分地方坐标系。文章还对大城市坐标系的建立提出了有益建议。  相似文献   

Acoustic-Gravity Waves from Bolide Sources     

Douglas O. ReVelle 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2008,102(1-4):345-356

We have developed a new approach to modeling the acoustic-gravity wave (AGW) radiation from bolide sources. This first effort involves entry modeling of bolide sources that have available satellite data through procedures developed in ReVelle (Earth Moon Planets 95, 441–476, 2004a; in: A. Milani, G. Valsecchi, D. Vokrouhlicky (eds) NEO Fireball Diversity: Energetics-based Entry Modeling and Analysis Techniques, Near-earth Objects: Our Celestial Neighbors (IAU S236), 2007b). Results from the entry modeling are directly coupled to AGW production through line source blast wave theory for the initial wave amplitude and period at (at 10 blast wave radii and perpendicular to the trajectory). The second effort involves the prediction of the formation and or dominance of the propagation of the atmospheric Lamb, edge-wave composite mode in a viscous fluid (Pierce, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 35, 1798–1807, 1963) as a function of the source energy, horizontal range and source altitude using the Lamb wave frequency that was deduced directly during the entry modeling and that is used as a surrogate for the source energy. We have also determined that Lamb wave production by bolides at close range decreases dramatically as either the source energy decreases or the source altitude increases. Finally using procedures in Gill (Atmospheric-Ocean Dynamics, 1982) and in Tolstoy (Wave Propagation, 1973), we have analyzed two simple dispersion relationships and have calculated the expected dispersion for the Lamb edge-wave mode and for the excited, propagating internal acoustic waves. Finally, we have used the above formalism to fully evaluate these techniques for four large bolides, namely: the Tunguska bolide of June 30, 1908; the Revelstoke bolide of March 31, 1965; the Crete bolide of June 6, 2002 and the Antarctic bolide of September 3, 2004. Due to page limitations, we will only present results in detail for the Revelstoke bolide.  相似文献   

The pressure of an equilibrium interstellar medium in galactic disks     

A. V. Kasparova  A. V. Zasov 《Astronomy Letters》2008,34(3):152-162

Based on an axisymmetric galactic disk model, we estimate the equilibrium gas pressure P/k in the disk plane as a function of the galactocentric distance R for several galaxies (MW, M33, M51, M81, M100, M101, M106, and the SMC). For this purpose, we solve a self-consistent system of equations by taking into account the gas self-gravity and the presence of a dark pseudo-isothermal halo. We assume that the turbulent velocity dispersions of the atomic and molecular gases are fixed and that the velocity dispersion of the old stellar disk corresponds to its marginal stability (except for the Galaxy and the SMC). We also consider a model with a constant disk thickness. Of the listed galaxies, the SMC and M51 have the highest pressure at a given relative radius R/R ₂₅, while M81 and the Galaxy has the lowest pressure. The pressure dependence of the relative molecular gas fraction confirms the existence of a positive correlation between these quantities, but it is not so distinct as that obtained previously when the pressure was estimated very roughly. This dependence breaks down for the inner regions of M81 and M106, probably because the gas pressure has been underestimated in the bulge region. We discuss the possible effects of factors other than the pressure affecting the relative content of the molecular gas in the galaxies under consideration.  相似文献   

青海共和盆地多石在沟河道沙丘现代风水交互过程   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

马玉凤  严平  宋阳  杜建会  朱孟郡  丁连刚 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):695-701

选择青海共和盆地多石在沟河道中6道新月形沙丘链作为研究对象,采用Trimble4700DGPS与常规测量手段,结合野外风沙观测与自动气象站数据,初步观测分析了2006年多石在沟河道沙丘在不同季节的形态变化过程,计算出2006年风季前比雨季后多石在沟河道沙丘体积减小了548.3m³,风积量为2351m³,流水的蚀平量为2899m³,2006年风水两相营力对河道沙丘的侵蚀贡献率约为45%∶55%,流水的搬运作用强于风力的堆积作用。但从较长的时间尺度来看,研究区的风力侵蚀作用强于流水侵蚀作用,河道沙丘不断增大。多石在沟河道沙丘是一个典型的风水交互作用系统,河道成为风力与流水交互作用的"中转站",在风水的交替作用下,沉积物由风积环境进入流水环境中。  相似文献   

华南锋面与暖区暴雨个例对比分析   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

赵玉春  李泽椿  肖子牛 《气象科技》2008,36(1):47-54

分析了1961～1999年亚洲热带近海海温与云南降水的关系.通过研究云南夏季降水对近海海温异常的响应,发现云南初夏的降水与亚洲热带近海海温有明显的负相关关系,这种降水减少海温正距平的情况在北印度洋西部和阿拉伯海表现比孟加拉湾和南海更显著,但是在盛夏相关关系不显著.同时发现云南西南部的夏季降水与前期盂加拉湾海温有显著的正相关,而与其它海域的海温相关不显著.滇东南的夏季降水只与前期南海的海温有显著的正相关.  相似文献   

相似台风“泰利”和“桑美”的数值模拟和对比分析   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  

陈丽芳 《气象科技》2008,36(3):262-267

结合客观分析、常规探空和地面观测资料、中尺度自动站资料以及数值模拟资料,探讨两个相似台风"泰利"和"桑美"的风雨差异的成因."泰利"北上时与西风槽结合,形成稳定的"北槽南涡"的天气形势;"桑美"北上时其北侧存在高压坝,并且强度增强,不利于环流云系的发散."泰利"过程有弱冷空气从边界层向南渗透;"桑美"过程中低层没有冷空气活动.地面风场上,"泰利"在杭州湾以北太湖以南存在东风和东北风的辐合线;"桑美"则存在东风和东南风的辐散."泰利"过程中,浙北处在能量锋区南侧的高能区内,存在中尺度锋生,处于弱不稳定状态,有利于能量的积累和强对流的促发;"桑美"过程中.浙北处在能量锋区北侧的低能带内,并且层结非常稳定.相似台风造成的风雨影响可能差别很大,需根据具体的天气形势、边界层内冷空气活动情况、地面风场辐合线,以及能量锋区和稳定度等方面做进一步判断.  相似文献   

Mechanical models of fracture reactivation and slip on bedding surfaces during folding of the asymmetric anticline at Sheep Mountain, Wyoming     

Pablo F. Sanz  David D. Pollard  Patricia F. Allwardt  Ronaldo I. Borja 《Journal of Structural Geology》2008,30(9):1177-1191

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沉积盆地有机质自由基热演化特征及其作为古温标的探索   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐二社  邱楠生  秦建中  郑伦举 《地质学报》2008,82(3):413-419

恢复沉积盆地热历史的方法主要有古地温指标法和动力学模拟法两类.古温标法中最常用的为有机质成熟度和矿物裂变径迹,动力学模拟法中最常用的是盆地的拉张模型和挤压模型.本文针对Ⅰ型有机质自由基浓度作为沉积盆地古温标进行了探索研究.分析了自然演化系列Ⅰ型有机质的自由基的热演化特征;根据自然演化系列的Ⅰ型有机质自由基浓度及时间-温度指数(TTI)数据,对热模拟实验下的Ⅰ型有机质自由基浓度及时间-温度指数(TTI)值进行校正,由校正后的数据初步建立了Ⅰ型有机质的自由基浓度(Ng)与时间-温度指数(TTI)的定量模型.  相似文献   

Multi-Scale Texture Modeling     

Ralf Hielscher  Helmut Schaeben 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(1):63-82

Patterns of crystallographic preferred orientation are referred to as texture. The specific subject of texture analysis is the experimental determination and interpretation of the statistical distribution of orientations of crystals within a specimen of polycrystalline material, which could be metals or rocks. The objective is to relate an observed pattern of preferred orientation to its generating processes and vice versa. In geosciences, texture of minerals in rocks is used to infer constraints on their tectono-metamorphic history. Since most physical properties of crystals, such as elastic moduli, the coefficients of thermal expansion, or chemical resistance to etching depends on crystal symmetry and orientation, the presence of texture imparts directional properties to the polycrystalline material. A major issue of mathematical texture analysis is the resolution of the inverse problem to determine a reasonable orientation density function on SO(3) from measured pole intensities on , which relates to the inverse of the totally geodesic Radon transform. This communication introduces a wavelet approach into mathematical texture analysis. Wavelets on the two-dimensional sphere and on the rotational group SO(3) are discussed, and an algorithms for a wavelet decomposition on both domains following the ideas of Ta-Hsin Li is given. The relationship of these wavelets on both domains with respect to the totally geodesic Radon transform is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the Radon transform of these wavelets on SO(3) are again wavelets on . A novel algorithm for the inversion of experimental pole intensities to an orientation density function based on this relationship is developed.  相似文献   

山西2006年雨季天气气候特征分析     

姚彩霞  杨英  任璞  郭俊龙  郝建萍 《气象科技》2008,36(1):74-77

2005年6月17～24日,华南地区发生了连续多日的暴雨天气过程,其显著特征是存在着南北两条雨带,北支雨带(福建中北部)由准静止的梅雨锋造成,南支雨带(广东中东部)发生在锋前暖区之中,这种连续多日共存的双雨带现象引起了气象学家的广泛关注.为了探究锋面和锋前暖区暴雨的成因,加深这两类不同性质暴雨的认识,利用NCEP每6 h一次的1°×1°经纬度再分析资料以及华南地区加密观测的逐小时地面降水等资料,以此次连续多日维持的双雨带降水过程为例,详细分析了锋面附近与锋前暖湿区内暴雨系统的主要物理差异.结果发现:梅雨锋暴雨和锋前暖区暴雨不仅在中尺度雨团活动、系统动力结构、大气不稳定机制和大气加热结构等存在明显的差异,而且在水汽输送、中尺度环境以及与暴雨有关的垂直环流之间也存在着不同点,这些差异可能是造成锋前暖区暴雨难以模拟和预报的主要原因.  相似文献